The urinary system or renal system is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two urethras, the bladder and the urethra. The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing only in the length of the urethra
Urine is formed in the kidneys through a filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the urethras to the bladder, where it is stored. During urination (peeing) the urine is passed from the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
About 1-2 liters of urine are produced every day in a healthy human, although this amount may vary according to circumstances such as fluid intake.
There are several functions of the Urinary System:
01- Removal of waste product from the body (mainly urea and uric acid)
02- Regulation of electrolyte balance (e. g. sodium, potassium and calcium)
03- Regulation acid-base homeostasis
04- Controlling blood volume and maintaining blood pressure
The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood in the kidneys. In a healthy hum the kidney receives between 12 and 30% of cardiac output, but it averages about 20% or about 1.25 L/min. The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the enthroned. Its chef function is to regulate the concentration of water and soluble substance like sodium salty by filtering the blood, read-sobbing what is needed and excreting the rest as urine.
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